Antisocial Behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Antisocial Behaviors - Essay Example or factors, which have contributed to the person’s behaviors; (4) the interventions that have been tried with the person in attempts to improve behaviors, including personal opinions on any programs, services the person should be involved with; (5) a comparison of similarities between the person profiled and a person with antisocial behaviors; and (6) comments on similarities or differences between the person profiled and what have been learned about people with antisocial behaviors. Individuals exposed to diverse scenarios and experiences react differently. There are a multitude of factors that influence the behavior of people. The ability to interact and socialize is dependent on external and internal factors which directly affect the individual’s perception and response to various stimuli. Some experiences could be both traumatic and ingrained in an individual’s memory causing an emergence of antisocial behaviors. This essay is hereby written to present a profile of an individual exhibiting antisocial and delinquent behavior. The personal, family and community background of the individual would be delved into with the aim of evaluating the factors which influenced the predilection for behaving antisocially. The individual’s name is Jorge, 46 years of age, married, currently experiencing chronic illness of various kinds. He admitted exhibiting antisocial behavior ever since he was on his elementary level in school. He fears rejection, is basically shy, does not enjoy interacting with others for social reasons except for compliance to academic requirements, he admits to having mood swings, and imposed a self recluse in his own room. He was an adopted child and the only child in the family. His mother, a university professor, works full time to support the family. His father does not have a regular job also due to chronic illness and an amputated leg. The family changed residences five times since his birth and likewise, transferred in five different

Africa Change over Time Essay Example for Free

Africa Change over Time Essay Around the period during the second World War and the Cold War, a Red Scare went on in the most powerful and influential capitalist countries of the world. The Red Scare was basically a fear of the spread of communism. According to the Domino Theory, which was developed in that era, if a specific country turned to communism, communism would soon spread to all the other countries in that area. This fear caused the United States to jump into action at the slightest sign of communist influence in many places in the world, especially subsaharan Africa. However, over the years, this fear has eased, and the U. S. is more prone to attempting to aid these nations, rather than destroying them. In sub-saharan Africa, from around 1900 to present day, conditions there have both changed and stayed the same. On one hand, western involvement in the area has changed, but on the other hand, the constant civil wars and oppressive circumstances from the past still exist today. Sub-saharan Africa from the beginning of the 20th century up to this present day has been under constant civil war. South Africa, Sudan, Mozambique, Angola, Ethiopia and Zaire (or the Republic of Congo) are good examples of this. South Africa was first colonized by the Dutch who integrated themselves into the country. However, in the late 19th century, the English conquered South Africa and moved the Boers (the Dutch-Africans) to the north of the country where they clashed with the native Zulu tribe. When diamonds where later discovered in that area, the Dutch and the English had wars for the territory. In Sudan, a fundamentalist Islamic group that sits at the head of the government was at civil war with a rebel Christian group. The main reason for this conflict was the obvious religious differences. This conflict has ruined many crops and homes of civilians and forced many others to flee the country. In Mozambique the civil So? a Gruber war there was a proxy war between the Soviet Union, that influenced a Marxist government in that area, and the U. S. , that sponsored a rebel movement to usurp the communist government. Similarly, in Angola and Ethiopia, a proxy war, sponsored by the two Cold War superpowers tear the countries apart, causing widespread famine and suffering. Finally, the civil war in Congo, that has lasted for decades, was a tug for power between both left and right leaders who, nonetheless, where all power hungry and corrupt. In sub-saharan Africa, there is a continuous pattern of oppression of the people. The examples for this seem to be endless, between constant genocides and militaristic dictators, the people in sub-saharan Africa suffer and die in squalor. In Rwanda, a mass genocide erupted when the Hutu tribe blamed the Tutsi tribe for their leader’s death. In a time span of 100 days, nearly 8000 people died, and countless more were injured in unspeakable ways. Throughout all of Africa, the use of child soldiers has become extremely popular. It is not uncommon for a 10 year old boy (sometimes even younger) to be drugged and paraded down the street while they shot innocent civilians and mutilated them. The living conditions in many nations are unspeakable. Many families live in shacks with no running water, and very few of them have any means of contact to the outside world (television, phones, radio, ect. ). Constant civil war force many families to flee their country, creating refugees for other countries, who stick them all in refugee camps. Most methods of war involve hurting civilians, in Sudan, a popular resistance method was scorched-earth policies. Here, armies would burn down everything that would be essential to life, ensuring that no aid would be available to their opponent. In South Africa, mostly, apartheid was practiced to the extreme. Not only were there segregated bathrooms and schools, but entire towns. A white minority would live in splendor, while the black, native majority would live in squalor. From 1900 to present day, the world’s involvement in sub-saharan Africa has drastically changed. Western involvement in sub-saharan Africa mainly consisted in imperialistic motives and proxy wars. However, its started to change into wanting to help improve the standard of living. South Africa is a very good example of this. In the times of imperialism, England and Holland both had interest in South Africa. England wanted to create colonies there and the Dutch were already there. After the Dutch kicked the English out of the country, they set up their own personal empire in the region. They created a world where whites ruled over blacks. The insalubrious living conditions there for the native black majority eventually set off the rest of the world. After years of both internal and external pressure, the South African government finally ended apartheid in the country. This type of change goes on in many African countries. Most of these countries suffer due to futile proxy wars set up in the region by both Soviet and American forces. After decades of watching this fighting, the world decided to step in and help. Red Cross is sent in there to aid and occasionally, the United Nations tries to stop these wars. Non-profit organizations, such as UNICEF and Hand Up Africa encourage western civilians to take part in working for peace in the sub-saharan African nations. Despite the change in western attitude towards sub-saharan African nations, most of them still are under the threat of constant civil war and their people live in oppressive circumstances. Many of these civil wars were caused by the American fear towards communism and tribal and religious differences. These conflicts bring rise to militaristic dictatorships and decrease the standard of living prominently. However, in retrospect, western nations seemed to have repented for their destruction of the large continent and continuously attempt to rebuild it.

Free Speech on the Internet :: Web Laws Politics Rights Essays

Free Speech on the Internet Freedom of speech has been a big issue on the Internet lately. But I'd like to suggest that, properly viewed, "policy markets" are a much bigger free speech issue than the recent ban on "indecent" internet posts. First, let's start with the puzzle "why free speech?". What is the fundamental difference between a legislature forbidding some people from making "indecent" speech at the request of others who fear being offended by such speech, and a legislature taxing some people to pay for other people's education or recreation? In each case interests are opposed, there are political winners and losers, and a majority may trample on some "rights" of a minority. Why should one case be forbidden and the other allowed? The strongest widely-accepted argument for having courts strike down laws which limit "free speech" is to protect communications intended to influence the political process. You see, even if a large majority preferred to ban indecent speech, or to fund education with taxes, they might never find out that they all preferred this outcome if they were prevented from publicly discussing the issue. Instead, a government might lock in its current advantage and preferences by forbidding any questioning of its current laws. Without free political speech, a minority might much more easily trample on a majority (a worse fate than a majority trampling a minority). Thus political speech deserves extra protection. Note, however, that this argument for political "speech" applies to any action whose main consequence is to communicate information to influence the political process (and whose other consequences are not overly burdensome to others). So not only should it apply to newspapers, TV, the internet, T-shirts, bumper-stickers, and window signs, but it should also apply to political demonstrations and other expensive political "signals". You see, the main information communicated by a political demonstration is not the words chanted or held high on posters, but that fact that these people care enough to spend their time demonstrating for this cause. (Thus it is important to demonstrate in clear public view, and to not look like you're having too much fun.) Expensive signals like demonstrations can communicate what mere words cannot - strength of feeling and opinion. (Sure you can say you really care, but everyone says that.) Unfortunately, many expensive political signals, such as campaign contributions and political advertizing, are widely limited by law. Perhaps such limits can be justified by arguing that these actions can also do much harm, in addition to communicating information to politicians and voters.

Bad Apple Theory

The government has the responsibility of upholding and protecting the rights and welfare of the people. In relation with this, the government established subsidiary bodies and organizations that will help them do their duty of protecting the people. The Police force is among the primary organization that is authorized by the government to maintain the peace and order of their jurisdiction and to properly enforce the law to anyone that will pose a threat to the security of his or her fellow individual or to the general public.However, the reputation of the police force is tainted by corruption due to the illegal practices of some police officers. This kind of problem must be immediately address but there are difficulties in properly controlling corruption because most people still believe with the Bad Apple Theory. The Bad Apple Theory tries to explain the illegal and unethical behavior of some police officers.This theory emphasize that the corrupt practices in the Police Force is due to some â€Å"bad apples† that are found in a clean barrel. Simply put, this means that corruption is brought about by some bad police officers that are working in a clean and ethical police force. This mentality hinders the proper understanding and control of corruption. Due to the fact, that this Bad Apple Theory is no longer applicable.According to the works of Tim Newburn (1999) entitled: Understanding and preventing police corruption: lessons from the literature, corrupt police officers are not natural-born criminals, nor are they bad men or women who are constitutionally different from their honest co-workers. In order to control corruption, it is essential that the barrel should also be examined and not only the apples. In this sense, the whole organization of the police force should be carefully analyzed to see its flaws that might influence police officers to be corrupt (Newburn, 1999).To be able properly prevent and control corruption in the police force, people sh ould forego of the Bad Apple Theory. Authorities and even ordinary citizen should not only be vigilant with corrupt officers but they should also give due attention to the police fore itself. It must be remembered that â€Å"corrupt police are made, not born† (Newburn, 1999). Reference Newburn, T. (1999). Understanding and Preventing Police Corruption: Lessons from the Literature. London: Crown Copyright.

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 11-12

Chapter 11 Outside, I let the girl lead me away from the drunken crowd and toward a side alley beyond a bar called Calhouns. â€Å"Im sorry,† she said breathlessly. â€Å"I dont know what came over me. Im usually not so fresh, its just that–â€Å" â€Å"Im thankful for it,† I said, interrupting her. She shivered, and I put my arms around her thin frame. Instantly, she pulled away. â€Å"Youre so cold!† she said in an accusatory tone. â€Å"Am I?† I asked, feigning nonchalance.You want to kiss me, I thought. She shrugged. â€Å"Its okay. Its just that Im sensitive to temperature. But I know a way we could both warm up.† She smiled shyly, then raised up to her tiptoes. Her lips pressed against mine, and for a moment, I allowed myself to enjoy their warmth and feel the girls blood race through her veins as she gave herself over to me. Then I lunged for her neck. â€Å"Ow!† She protested, trying to push me off. â€Å"Stop!† You will succumb, because if you do that, I'll let you live, I thought, using every fiber of my being to compel her at this crucial moment. She gazed up at me, confusion in her eyes, before she fell back over my arms, her face a mask of sleepy satisfaction. I took a few more sips of the blood, all too conscious of Lexi and the others back inside. Then I dragged the woman up to her feet. Id been careful. The holes Id made in her neck were tiny, almost impossible to see with human vision. Still, I adjusted her scarf around her neck to cover them up. â€Å"Wake up,† I whispered softly. Her eyes opened, the gaze unfocused. â€Å"What where am I?† I could sense her heart beating faster, sense her ready to let loose a scream. â€Å"You were helping a drunk customer,† I told her. â€Å"You are free to go. I was simply making sure you were okay.† She snapped to attention, her body relaxing. â€Å"I apologize, sir. Usually, the patrons dont get so rowdy at Miladies. Thank you for assisting me. Ill give you a whiskey, on the house,† she said, winking at me. I walked into Miladies beside her, and was rewarded with Lexis slow smile from the corner table. Good job, boy. I followed the girl until she safely resumed her position behind the polished wood counter of the bar. â€Å"Whats your poison?† she asked, whiskey bottle in hand. She looked pale, as if she were coming down with a slight cold. Meanwhile, her blood was warm in my stomach. â€Å"Ive drunk quite enough, thank you, miss,† I said, as I took her hand and brought it up to my lips, kissing it as tenderly as Id marked her neck. Chapter 12 The following evening Lexi knocked on my bedroom door. She wore a black coat and matching trousers. A cap hid most of her hair, save for a few blond tendrils that fell loose and framed her face. â€Å"I was proud of you last night,† she said. I smiled, despite myself. It was surprising how quickly I took to seeking Lexis approval. â€Å"How much did you take from the barmaid?† â€Å"Not too much. But I wanted more,† I admitted. A look I couldnt quite decipher passed over her face. â€Å"I used to be like you, you know. But the more you feed from humans, the hungrier you get. Its a curse. But there are other ways. Have you hunted for animals blood?† I shook my head no. â€Å"Well, luckily for you, Im going hunting now,† she said, â€Å"and youre coming with me. Put on dark clothes and meet me downstairs in five minutes.† I shrugged on a dark, military-looking jacket Id found hanging in the closet and raced downstairs, loath to put off hunting with Lexi for even five minutes. While I bristled at Buxtons comments about how inexperienced I was, when I heard it from Lexi, I was only eager for a lesson on how our kind survived. We walked out the door, no trace of sunlight in the inky black sky. I sniffed the air, searching out the scent of the nearest human, then stopped when I saw Lexi staring at me with a knowing look. Instead of turning left, toward the bustle of Bourbon Street, she turned right, snaking through side streets until we reached a forest. Above us the trees were bare and ghostly against the dark night sky, the moon our only light. â€Å"There are deer here,† Lexi said, â€Å"and squirrels, bears, rabbits. I think theres a den of foxes that way,† she added, walking into the thick, mossy woods. â€Å"Their blood smells earthier than human blood, and their hearts beat much more rapidly.† I followed her lead. Quickly and silently, we darted from tree to bush without disturbing the underbrush. In a way, it felt like we were playing a game of hide-and-seek, or just playing at hunting, the way young schoolboys do. After all, as a human, Id always carried a weapon on the hunt. Now all I had were my fangs. Lexi held up a hand. I paused, midstep, my eyes darting everywhere. I didnt see anything but thick trunks and racing ants in jagged stumps. Then, without warning, Lexi lunged. When she stood up, blood was dripping from her fangs, and a self-satisfied smile appeared on her face. A creature lay on the fallen leaves, its legs bent as if it were still mid-run. She gestured to the lump of orangish-red fur. â€Å"Fox isnt bad. Would you like to try it?† I knelt down, my lips curling as they made contact with the rough fur. I forced myself to gingerly take a sip of liquid, though, as I knew it was what Lexi wanted. I sucked in, and immediately the blood seared my tongue. I spit it out violently. â€Å"Fox is an acquired taste, I suppose,† Lexi said as she knelt on the ground by my side. â€Å"More for me, at least!† While Lexi fed, I leaned against a tree trunk and listened to the rustling sounds of the forest. The breeze shifted, and suddenly the scent of iron-rich blood was everywhere. It was sweet and spicy, and it wasnt coming from Lexis fox. Somewhere, nearby, there was a human heart, beating out seventy-twothu-thudsa minute. Cautiously I slipped past Lexi, and ventured out past the perimeter of the forest. Set up on the edge of the lake was a shantytown. Tents were pitched at every angle, and makeshift clotheslines ran between wooden posts. The whole setup looked haphazard, as if the inhabitants knew theyd have to pick up and relocate at any second. The camp looked deserted save for one woman who was bathing, the moonlight striking her ivory skin. She was humming to herself, washing the caked dirt off her hands and face. I hid behind a large oak tree, pretending to take the woman by surprise. But then a large painted poster on a neighboring tree caught my eye. I took a step toward it. A branch cracked, the woman whirled around, and I could sense Lexi behind me. â€Å"Stefan,† Lexi murmured, obviously aware of the unfolding scene. But this time, I was the one to hold up my hand to silence her. Mist floated over the portrait on the sign, but the printing was clear:PATRICK GALLAGHERS FREAK SHOW: VAMPIRE VERSUS BEAST. BATTLE TO THE DEATH! OCTOBER 8. I blinked, and the portrait swam into my vision. It was of a dark-haired man with chiseled features and pale-blue eyes. His teeth were bared, his canines elongated, and he was crouched opposite a snarling mountain lion. I knew the face on the poster better than I knew my own. It was Damon.

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers The human heart does not look much like those Valentines Day candies or the pictures we drew on our love notes when we were in elementary school. The current human heart is a large muscular organ with four chambers, a septum, several valves, and other various parts necessary for pumping blood all around the human body. However, this amazing organ is a product of evolution and has spent millions of years perfecting itself in order to keep humans alive. Invertebrate Hearts Invertebrate animals have very simple circulatory systems. Many do not have a heart or blood because they are not complex enough to need a way to get nutrients to their body cells. Their cells are able to just absorb nutrients through their skin or from other cells. As the invertebrates become a little more complex, they use an open circulatory system. This type of circulatory system does not have any blood vessels or has very few. The blood is pumped throughout the tissues and filters back to the pumping mechanism. Like in earthworms, this type of circulatory system does not use an actual heart. It has one or more small muscular areas capable of contracting and pushing the blood and then reabsorbing it as it filters back. However, these muscular regions were the precursors to our complex human heart. Fish Hearts Of the vertebrates, fish have the simplest type of heart. While it is a closed circulatory system, it has only two chambers. The top is called the atrium and the bottom chamber is called the ventricle. It has only one large vessel that feeds the blood into the gills to get oxygen and then transports it around the fishs body. Frog Hearts It is thought that while fish only lived in the oceans, amphibians like the frog were the link between water-dwelling animals and the newer land animals that evolved. Logically, it follows that frogs would, therefore, have a more complex heart than fish since they are higher on the evolutionary chain. In fact, frogs have a three-chambered heart. Frogs evolved to have two atria instead of one, but still only have one ventricle. The separation of the atria allows frogs to keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate as they come into the heart. The single ventricle is very large and very muscular so it can pump the oxygenated blood throughout the various blood vessels in the body. Turtle Hearts The next step up on the evolutionary ladder is the reptiles. It was recently discovered that some reptiles, like turtles, actually have a heart that has a sort of a three and a half chambered heart. There is a small septum that goes about halfway down the ventricle. The blood is still able to mix in the ventricle, but the timing of the pumping of the ventricle minimizes that mixing of the blood. Human Hearts The human heart, along with the rest of the mammals, is the most complex having four chambers. The human heart has a fully formed septum that separates both the atria and the ventricles. The atria sit on top of the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood coming back from various parts of the body. That blood is then let into the right ventricle which pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The blood gets oxygenated and then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood then goes into the left ventricle and is pumped out to the body through the largest artery in the body, the aorta. This complex, but efficient, way of getting oxygen and nutrients to body tissues took billions of years to evolve and perfect.

Propaganda In Animal Farm Essays - British Films, Cold War Films

Propaganda In Animal Farm Essays - British Films, Cold War Films Propaganda In Animal Farm The term propaganda is sometimes brought up in casual conversation, however, many do not realize the potential power that propaganda can have. Merriam-Webster defines propaganda as the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person. In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, propaganda is shown to indeed cause harm. An examination of various sections of the book will be conducted in order to demonstrate three aspects of propaganda: how it is used by Snowball to positively obtain the control of Animal Farm; how Napoleon uses it in a sinister way to exile Snowball and his paradigm and to show Napoleon's propaganda as a scapegoat for his own problems. Again, Merriam-Webster states propaganda as the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person. First, it can be seen how Snowball uses propaganda to effectively assume leadership of Animal Farm. After the rebellion, Snowball took control and broadcast his ideas upon desprate ears. Vote for Snowball and the three day week... (p.34) Snowball spread propaganda that would promote Animalism by building a windmill. This windmill was to be used for luxuries that would make life better for everyone on Animal Farm. Snowball also said that although the construction would be difficult all animals would benefit in the long run. His positive attitude, ideas and propaganda excited the animals so much that they wanted to build it, until the demise of Snowball and his crimes of treason. Napoleon decided to use propaganda in a negative manner to destroy the reputation of Snowball's righteousness. During a vote when the animals of Animal Farm were to decide the fate of the windmill, the animals seemed to be siding with Snowball. That is when Napoleon implemented his wicked plot to rule Animal Farm. Napoleon exiled Snowball from the farm by means of death and then spread propaganda about how he was a traitor from the beginning and how he has been working with Mr. Jones the past (exiled) owner of Animal Farm. Napoleon did this to guarantee his position of leadership at Animal Farm to counteract when he was outsmarted by the plans for the windmill and the fact that Snowball was likely to be the one in complete control of the farm. However, all the animals accepted Napoleon's propaganda and continued with him as their new leader. . During the unjust reign of Napoleon at Animal Farm, he encountered many problems that would eventually be attributed to the use of propaganda. This use of propaganda was again corrupt, but it was used in a different way, propaganda served as a scapegoat for Snowball and every issue that would threaten his role as leader. This was obliviously evident in many ways. When the windmill (a bad idea to begin with) was being built under the rule of Napoleon, it toppled in a violent storm. It was declared destroyed by Snowball but he could not have destroyed the windmill due to sheer size. The animals thought about how Snowball was a traitor in the past and believed every word that Napoleon directed. This also shows how propaganda is very powerful when it is used in leadership situations. People will believe anything. The novel Animal Farm clearly indicates how propaganda is used to change others beliefs When people are motivated by positive ideals and wish to promote those ideas, propaganda is a wonderful tool. However, when we see the darkness from Napoleon and it becomes difficult to separate the truth from lies. Hopefully, when propaganda is brought up in casual conversation it comes out in the way that Snowball intended. To help people.

10 of the biggest workplace time wasters

10 of the biggest workplace time wasters Office  distractions are endless at work. We spend a lot  of time surfing the web, checking in on social media, while still holding small talk at the water cooler. These â€Å"little† breaks throughout the day can add up in time you are supposed to be getting work done and it can waste productivity in the office. These workplace time wasters can affect your work ethic and quality of work you produce. It’s time to cut out these time wasters and focus on the task ahead. Here are 10 of the biggest workplace time wasters. How many of these are you guilty of doing throughout the day?Source [Yast]

Greece's solution on its national debt crisis Essay

Greece's solution on its national debt crisis - Essay Example This European debt crisis witnessed in Greece is believed by various economists to have been caused by the structural flaws that came about after a period of great recession that the country had plunged into (Margaronis, 12). The economy of Greece has had deficits for quite a long time that has escalated its borrowing index to a figure the government cannot afford to pay. The 2009 Greece recession is arguably a major reason the country piled this huge European debt that is currently puzzling it (Spiegel). The government is expected to settle a debt of over seven hundred million Euros to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), something that is likely to hurt more the Greece economy. There have been several arguments and discussions from different perspectives with some admitting the situation that is witnessed in Greece currently could not have been avoided given they joined the Eurozone because of the change in currency as well as the policy and regulations that govern member economies (Nelson, Belkin and Derek). Others refute this and blame the economic policy makers for the woes the country is facing. All in all, the nation is in a crisis and a remedy is needed as fast as possible. Numerous actions are being taken to remedy the dire situation that is currently experienced in Greece and bring a solution that could free the nation from the hooks of European debt. First, the move made by Finland to bail out Greece should be lauded. As a matter of fact, Finland government was driven by good motives of saving this country from the global humiliation it is currently exposed to. The most challenging thing about this assistance Finland is offering is the rules that come with it. The IMF and other institutions have all reportedly attempted to find a solution to Greece but nothing much have been achieved. The Finland’s conflict of interest and the mistrust it has on Greece has

An act of kindness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An act of kindness - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that kindness is not restricted to help someone with material things like money, food or clothes. Kindness also means to share someone’s grief or pain or it also means to say a few kind words which could redress people’s grievances. Whoever performs an act of kindness, it is a message delivered from one heart to another generated from the inner self. The author tells that he cannot remember exactly in which class he was. But he does remember the very first act of kindness he did for someone. One day, the researcher was coming back home from his school that he saw a boy of his age begging on the signal. The author was surprised to see that why the child of his age is begging instead of wearing a school uniform and books in the hand. The author asked his father that why there is so much difference between the two of them. His father replied that they are poor children and they cannot afford to buy a uniform and school books. Their parents are forced to send them begging money and food so that they can feed their stomach. The author said to his father that he cannot see a child of his age begging on the road instead of studying in school. What could he do to help this urchin? His father said that if you really want to do an act of kindness and help the poor kid, you should compromise on something you have and you love. God will be very happy with your kind act. Suddenly, something clicked his mind.

Engineering vs. Engineering Technology Research Paper

Engineering vs. Engineering Technology - Research Paper Example Engineering technology can be described as being practice-oriented, stressing applications of engineering practice, laboratory experience competencies and engineering design. Looking at these two descriptions, one can note that a potential student will be confused by the overlap in these definitions. Therefore, students end up enrolling in one engineering program only to realize that they wanted to pursue the other. This paper seeks to compare engineering and engineering technology. Comparison First, let us examine the program guide characteristics. Engineering involves innovators while engineering technology involves doers or implementers. An innovator is an individual who is capable of interweaving knowledge of advanced math, natural and engineering sciences, and engineering principles and practices in solving an existing problem or to create a new product or system. On the other hand, a doer or implementer is an individual who applies the basic knowledge of mathematics, natural an d engineering sciences, current engineering practices and an understanding of economic principles in solving a design problem, operating and testing of engineering and manufacturing systems. Therefore, engineering technology is basically the implementation part of engineering. This means a person who pursues engineering technolog

Find 2 peer reviewed articles that discuss hospital acquired Essay

Find 2 peer reviewed articles that discuss hospital acquired infections as a patient care problem that effects the financial man - Essay Example Such infections can also grow after the patient leaves the hospital, provided the patient spends time in incubation period at the time of discharge. Hygiene plays a crucial role in defeating HAIs and hand washing is the most effective tool in preventing them. According to a study a hospital audit revealed only 27% compliance of correct hand washing guidelines among nurses and 29% among physicians. If this situation can be improved there can be significant success in preventing HAIs. Analysis of the nurse’s role in relationship to this problem The role of nurses is as important as the doctors. Other than providing facilities for better hygiene in nurses educating them is such an important tool that it can hardly be ignored. The study reveals that through staff education and support in a hospital, hand hygiene compliance monitored in nurses increased from 48% to 64%. The same measurement was even more prominent in doctors as it showed an increase from 0% to 30%. The recommendati on given fits perfectly well with the frame of study. The Ministry of Health and Long Term Care should in work in conjunction with Local Health Integration Networks and make hand washing and hygiene compliance a part of its public reporting requirements. ... It is also recommended that Ministries educational materials should be developed specifically for nurses by keeping in mind their problems and priorities. Preventing Hospital-Acquired Infections By Lorri Downs Audience: Common People Summary Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections or HAIs still remains one of the most crucial issues in healthcare facilities. It is statistically proven that almost every health care facility is aware of the fact 40% of all HAIs are urinary tract infections. The problem itself has been discussed frequently but its evidence based solutions are rarely discussed. The CMS reimbursement changes did highlight the issue. Health care professionals dealt with the mandate that they either eliminate certain HAIs or lose Medicare reimbursement dollars. Hand hygiene is the most effective method for preventing HAI however, there still isn’t 100% compliance worldwide. On average, the compliance is only around 40%. The biggest constraint that doctors and nurs es reportedly face is time and for this reason, they don’t perform correct antisepsis. The constraint is evident when nurses use soap and water to clean their hands. Time can be considerably reduced by using alcohol based hand washing solutions. A concentration of 80 percent ethyl alcohol or 75% isopropanol highly effective in hygiene and saves a lot of time compared with soap and water. With the hand sanitization solution provided the other contribution in regards with HAI is CAUTI infection. According to the study, in 30% to 50% of the patients that were inserted with a catheter tube, it was found that the catheter infection was not medically indicated. Hence caregivers should ask twice before recommending a catheter and more importantly the time for its

Ethics and Legal Environment, Business Association and Torts, Critical Assignment

Ethics and Legal Environment, Business Association and Torts, Critical Thinking - Assignment Example The negative publicity can affect the firms' performance in the market and Gabe’s tenure might also cause dissension within the organization itself, especially among the shareholders who are intent on making a profit. To decide on this matter, Badaracco impresses on the decision maker to judge responsibly. Ultimately, he proposes the evaluation of the interests of all the stakeholders involved. The idea is to determine the benefit so that the decision will achieve "the most good and the least harm" (p.5). The entire list that should be evaluated to determine the net benefit can be constituted by the entire organization. This variable is representative of the shareholders, the employees and Garry, himself, as the owner. Such evaluation, however, is complicated by the fact that a dismissal may have a mixed impact internally. For instance, the organization may benefit from it as it could achieve favorable market perception. However, the organization could also suffer from being kept out of a beneficial chairmanship. To resolve this, one could try looking at specific details of the case. An outline of these relevant facts can reveal the best possible benefit for the organization. First, there is the fact that Gabe is not only a productive leader but he also excels in forging relationships. He has great people skills, a trait that helped him earn the chairmanship in the first place. It follows, therefore, that he has excellent relations with both employees and shareholders alike. He must, therefore, be well regarded among these stakeholders. Calls for his dismissal, hence, may not be strong within the firm. It is also helpful to consider several mitigating circumstances. There is Gabe’s work for the community and his causes. In addition, there is the motivation behind the exposure of Gabe's criminal record. Skeeter had malicious intent in leaking Gabe's story to the media.

Find 2 peer reviewed articles that discuss hospital acquired Essay

Find 2 peer reviewed articles that discuss hospital acquired infections as a patient care problem that effects the financial man - Essay Example Such infections can also grow after the patient leaves the hospital, provided the patient spends time in incubation period at the time of discharge. Hygiene plays a crucial role in defeating HAIs and hand washing is the most effective tool in preventing them. According to a study a hospital audit revealed only 27% compliance of correct hand washing guidelines among nurses and 29% among physicians. If this situation can be improved there can be significant success in preventing HAIs. Analysis of the nurse’s role in relationship to this problem The role of nurses is as important as the doctors. Other than providing facilities for better hygiene in nurses educating them is such an important tool that it can hardly be ignored. The study reveals that through staff education and support in a hospital, hand hygiene compliance monitored in nurses increased from 48% to 64%. The same measurement was even more prominent in doctors as it showed an increase from 0% to 30%. The recommendati on given fits perfectly well with the frame of study. The Ministry of Health and Long Term Care should in work in conjunction with Local Health Integration Networks and make hand washing and hygiene compliance a part of its public reporting requirements. ... It is also recommended that Ministries educational materials should be developed specifically for nurses by keeping in mind their problems and priorities. Preventing Hospital-Acquired Infections By Lorri Downs Audience: Common People Summary Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections or HAIs still remains one of the most crucial issues in healthcare facilities. It is statistically proven that almost every health care facility is aware of the fact 40% of all HAIs are urinary tract infections. The problem itself has been discussed frequently but its evidence based solutions are rarely discussed. The CMS reimbursement changes did highlight the issue. Health care professionals dealt with the mandate that they either eliminate certain HAIs or lose Medicare reimbursement dollars. Hand hygiene is the most effective method for preventing HAI however, there still isn’t 100% compliance worldwide. On average, the compliance is only around 40%. The biggest constraint that doctors and nurs es reportedly face is time and for this reason, they don’t perform correct antisepsis. The constraint is evident when nurses use soap and water to clean their hands. Time can be considerably reduced by using alcohol based hand washing solutions. A concentration of 80 percent ethyl alcohol or 75% isopropanol highly effective in hygiene and saves a lot of time compared with soap and water. With the hand sanitization solution provided the other contribution in regards with HAI is CAUTI infection. According to the study, in 30% to 50% of the patients that were inserted with a catheter tube, it was found that the catheter infection was not medically indicated. Hence caregivers should ask twice before recommending a catheter and more importantly the time for its

HCS 440 Question 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HCS 440 Question 1 - Assignment Example Time equates money that is, as a result, of trade and its interactions. Culture affects the quality in health care, which is a paramount measure. The impact of trade and choice reveals itself here as these two variables bring health in an ‘equilibrium state. Quality exchange is majorly placed on the capacity of group basis rather than individual basis hence delivery of proper service to prolong ones life in terms of good surgery, well-trained doctors, and medication. The factor of research, technology, and innovation has greatly affected the overhead cost of health care. With research going on various diseases and drugs, it is expected that the taxpayer’s money will play a huge part in this activity. About $2trilion is spent every year on health care system in the research of new drugs and treatment procedures. Without this great heavy input by the government, the otherwise cost incurred in not investing in healthcare system would be of a greater

A Thief of Time Essay Example for Free

A Thief of Time Essay In Tony Hillermans’ story, â€Å"A Thief of Time† (Hillerman, 2002) the author tells about murder and vanishings of people as Navaho detectives, Lieutenant Joe Leaphorn and Officer Jim Chee search for answers as to why, on the Indian grounds, that people are vanishing and why a well-known anthropologist is missing. Fear encompasses the tale of the ancient Indian grounds where detectives take center stage in looking for clues in the buried ruins that has caused so much confusion. When the backhoe is missing, this mysterious event sets Jim Chee in motion as he tries to uncover what really happened and he won’t stop until he finds the reason. His partner in this bizarre mystery is still coping with the loss of his spouse. Joe Leaphorn just wants to complete one more detective job before retirement. The younger officer; Chee isn’t ready for any type of quitting. Chee is excited about the fact that he may uncover something that includes not only the theft of the backhoe, but he is serious about uncovering the reason that two men have disappeared. Native Americans remain mysterious but the author tries to bring to life, what their true objectives are in this story. The Navaho detectives demonstrate their deep desire to do what is right in this story and offer us a good look into the lives of the Navaho Indian culture. The rummaging through the Indian grounds, unearths many various descriptions of what it’s like to live as a Navaho Indian and as these charming detectives did deep into the ground as they search for missing bodies and mechanical equipment, they discover a mystery that is worth looking into. Reference Page Hillerman, Tony. (2002) A Thief of Time. Harper Collins.

Factors Affecting Quality Of Higher Education Education Essay

Factors Affecting Quality Of Higher Education Education Essay The higher education sector is very crucial in education and has a leading role in all walks of life. When providing for quality education quality products can be produced. Higher education provided by the public sector in Mauritius is unable to meet the demands for a seat at the university. Private sector institutions are competing with the public sector institutions in education. The number of higher education institutions in both sectors in Mauritius is increasing. Thus, the study is aimed at analysing the quality of education offered at the University of Mauritius. The purposes of the study were; (a) To analyze the quality of services offered by the University of Mauritius. (b) To investigate the quality of students of the University of Mauritius. (c) To understand the level of increasing demands for courses at the University of Mauritius. The population of study was students from the different faculties of the University of Mauritius. The sample was two hundred full-time students; all attending a degree programme from the five faculties of the university. Data were tabulated, the amount of variables was reduced using the principal component analysis (factor analysis) and then analyzed using a logistic regression. Chapter 1: Introduction Higher education usually includes advanced education consisting of three to seven years after graduation leading to some specialisation to qualify for a professional activity or for employment in executive positions in business, industry, or government service. In Mauritius, higher education is the top most level of three sector education system. Higher education is the most important level of education because it develops the manpower for the country that leads the nation in giving insight into its future ideals, resources, problems and its solutions. The future of a nation depends largely on the quality of people groomed in the institution of higher education. Higher education in Mauritius can be traced back to the establishment of the School of Agriculture within the Department of Agriculture in 1914, which became integrated into the UoM when it was established in 1965.After that, many institutions have been established in the private and public sector that are providing higher education in the fields of medical, engineering, information technology, computer sciences, business studies and commerce. With the growing role of private institutions in catering higher education, the need was felt to evaluate the quality of education and services offered at the University of Mauritius which is a public sector institution. All over the world the universities are recognised as centres of higher learning, which are considered as expedients agents of development in the nation building. Universities generate, disseminate and utilise knowledge. As primary contributors to economic growth, they produce scientists, engineers, professionals, technicians, scholars, managers and men of exquisite capabilities. The capacity of a nation to develop economically, socially, politically and culturally derives largely from the power to develop and utilize the capabilities of its people. Chapter 2: Literature Review Higher Education The term higher education is usually used to distinguish courses of study, which result in the award of a degree, Diploma or similar advanced qualification, for various kinds of further education (Lawton and Gordon. 1993). Higher education constitutes the stage of education which starts after 15 years of schooling for the intellectual work and advanced training of students for their effective leadership role in all walks of national life. Tertiary education level is higher than that attainable on completion of a full secondary education. An accepted definition of higher education is that higher education requi res as minimum requirements for admission, the successful completion of secondary education or evidence of the acquisition of an equivalent level of knowledge (Terry and Thomas, 1979). Higher education includes all education above level of the secondary school given in Colleges, Universities Graduate Schools, Professional Schools, Technical Colleges and Normal Schools (Good, 1973). Higher education is simply the highest part of the education system, in terms of students progression, the acquisition of education qualifications, its status and its influence over the rest of the educational system. Higher education is said to impart the deepest understanding in the minds of students, rather than the relatively superficial grasp that might be acceptable elsewhere in the system. In higher education, nothing can be taken on trust and the students have to think for themselves so as to be able to stand on their own feet, intellectually speaking (Barnett, 1997). Higher education is thought to advance students to the frontiers of knowledge through their being taught by those who are working in that difficult territory. Sanyal (1982) says that in order to achieve the new international order, there is the need for integrating socio-economic policies with educational policies in each country, as stronger co-operation amongst the third world countries in field of higher education. Development of higher education should not only be contingent upon economic development to achieve the new international order but should promote the development of culture in view often fact that role of science and technology, the life-style and the very sense and value of life under-go changes in the future. Objectives of higher education All over the world the universities are recognised as centres of higher learning, which are considered as expedient agents of development in the nation building. Universities generate, disseminate and utilise knowledge. As primary contributors to economic growth, they produce scientists, engineers, professionals, technicians, scholars, managers and men of exquisite capabilities. The goal of higher education is to meet two principal needs: socio-cultural and developmental of a country. Higher education is an opportunity for individuals to develop their potential. It fulfils the needs for high-level manpower in a society. Its objectives include cultural and material development. It produces individuals who are morally sound and capable of multifarious roles in the society. It is a medium and vehicle for achieving an objective of higher vision, should endeavours, with commitment and larger spending, in higher education (Govt. Of Pakistan, 1999). A countrys social and economic development depends on the nature and level of higher education. This fact is revealed by the statements and findings concluded by the prominent educationists and decision-makers. In the developed countries, the role of higher education in production of high quality human capital is quite evident. The Governor of the State of Kentucky, Paul Patten, once said, I have staked my success as governor on changing the way we deliver higher education to our people. Education and economic development are the twin rails that will lead us to a higher plateau and help us achieve our goal of raising the standard of living in our state. My experience in creating jobs, as the secretary of the economic development, during my term as lieutenant governor, has helped me focus on the needs of our businesses. Those businesses are the customers of our product: the graduates in higher education. Increased technology and global competition demand that we develop our students s kills and mental capacity so they can share in the tremendous prosperity of our nation. He further emphasized on the quality of higher education and the need for its improvement. He commented, higher education is in trouble. The warning signs could not be clear. Its users (students and families) think it charges a premium price for an increasingly mediocre service. Its primary suppliers (secondary schools) often fail to deliver material that meets minimum standards, and its beneficiaries (employers) often are frustrated by the quality of the finished product (McGill,1992). Factors affecting Quality of Higher Education The quality of higher education may be enhanced through providing proper professional training to the teachers by revising the existing curricula. Higher education is the most important level of education because it develops the manpower for the country that leads the nation in giving insight into its future ideals, resources, problems, and its solutions. The future of a nation depends largely on the quality of people groomed in the institution of higher education. Factors that contribute the most are the level of competency of teachers, curricula and the standards of students intake, in the deteriorating quality of higher education. Nevertheless inappropriate funding for student support services, libraries, journals, books, ill equipped laboratories and lack of repair facilities for equipment and non qualified staff are crucial factors in education. Salaries and other allowances consume the university budget, thus, little is left for the items so essential for raising the quality of education. Budgetary constraints, particularly for operation, adversely affect the quality of teaching, especially practical training. 2.3.1 Students Experiences Students experiences of their learning and the teaching in the subjects they are studying are one of the more ubiquitous sources of information about the quality of teaching for institutions and individual academics. 2.3.2 Student to Staff Ratios While at the level of the institution student: staff ratios (SSRs) may seem to be a direct consequence of funding levels, institutions in practice spend funds on buildings, on administration, on central services, on marketing, on teachers undertaking research, and so on, to very varying extents, rather than spending it all on teaching time. Low SSRs offer the potential to arrange educational practices that are known to improve educational outcomes. First, close contact with teachers is a good predictor of educational outcomes (Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005) and close contact is more easily possible when there are not too many students for each teacher to make close contact with. Second, the volume, quality and timeliness of teachers feedback on students assignments are also good predictors of educational outcomes and again this requires that teachers do not have so many assignments to mark that they cannot provide enough, high-quality feedback, promptly. A gain, low SSRs do not guar antee good feedback or feedback from experienced teachers. 2.3.3 Classroom-Size Meta-analysis of large numbers of studies of class-size effects has shown that the more students there are in a class, the lower the level of student achievement (Glass and Smith, 1978, 1979). Other important variables are also negatively affected by class size, such as the quality of the educational process in class (what teachers do), the quality of the physical learning environment, the extent to which student attitudes are positive and the extent of them exhibiting behaviour conducive to learning (Smith and Glass, 1979). These negative class-size effects are greatest for younger students and smallest for students 18 or over (ibid.), but the effects are still quite substantial in higher education. Lindsay and Paton-Saltzberg (1987) found in an English polytechnic that the probability of gaining an A grade is less than half in a module enrolling 50-60 than it is in a module enrolling less than 20. Large classes have negative effects not only on performance but also on the quality o f student engagement: students are more likely to adopt a surface approach in a large class (Lucas et al., 1996) and so to only try to memorise rather than attempt to understand. 2.3.4 Class Contact Hours The number of class contact hours has very little to do with educational quality, independently of what happens in those hours, what the pedagogical model is, and what the consequences are for the quantity and quality of independent study hours. Independent study hours, to a large extent, reflect class contact hours: if there is less teaching then students study more and if there is more teaching students study less, making up total hours to similar totals regardless of the ratio of teaching to study hours (Vos, 1991). However, some pedagogic systems use class contact in ways that are very much more effective than others at generating effective independent study hours. A review of data from a number of studies by Gardiner (1997) found an average of only 0.7 hours of out-of-class studying for each hour in class, in US colleges. I n contrast each hour of the University of Oxfords tutorials generate on average 11 hours of independent study (Trigwell and Ashwin, 2004). 2.3.5 Teaching Qualifications Teachers who have teaching qualifications (normally a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education, or something similar) have been found to be rated more highly by their students than teachers who have no such qualification (Nasr et al., 1996). This finding was in a context where obtaining such a qualification was largely voluntary, and those who have the qualification might be considered to be different in some way from those who have not, and this could be argued to invalidate the comparison. The difference might concern the extent of professionalism or commitment to teaching, but nevertheless there was no control group in the study. A longitudinal study that overcomes this objection has examined the impact over time on students ratings of their teachers, and on teachers thinking about teaching, of (mainly) compulsory initial training during their first year of university teaching, in eight countries. It found improvements on every scale of the Student E valuation of Educational Q uality, a questionnaire developed in the US (Marsh, 1982) and tested for use in the U K (Coffey and Gibbs, 2000), and improvements in the sophistication of teachers thinking (as measured by the Approaches to Teaching Inventory, a measure of teaching that predicts the quality of student learning, Trigwell et al., 2004). This improvement in measures of teaching quality could not be attributed to mere maturation or experience as teachers in a control group in institutions without any initial training were found to get worse over their first year, on the same measures (Gibbs and Coffey, 2004). Functions of higher education The capacity of a nation to develop economically, socially, politically and culturally derives largely from the power to develop and utilise the capabilities of its people. Higher education thus is considered sine qua non of national development, for it produces the highest level of manpower. In all advanced countries, the universities constitute the main spring of human capital. The most successful discharge of the universities role as a change agent is in the area of science and technology. The training of high-level scientific manpower is a matter of vital national concern. Higher education is today recognised as a capital investment in education. It is considered investment of human capital which increases labour productivity furthers technological innovation and produces a rate of return markedly higher than that of physical capital. Today we find the world divided into developed and developing countries. The dividing line between them is the capacity of educational and scientific attainments and its application for economic progress and prosperity (The World Bank, 1990). In modern times, higher education is considered as a means of human resource development in a society. In advanced countries, universities constitute the main spring of knowledge, ideas and innovations. Today, the most successful discharge of a university as an agent of change is in the area of science and technology. The priming and grooming of high-level professional manpower is a matter of vital concern. As a pathway to socio-economic development in a country, higher education cannot be ignored or given low priority. Higher education in a state of rapid development everywhere in the world as its benefits to the social, economic and cultural life of different communities is realisable. This has led to worldwide exponential expansion of universities and colleges; as many more people are encouraged remaining in education. However there are problems. First, higher education is expensive, and its expansion requires ample resources. Second, rapid expansion raises problems of quality ass urance and control, as increased numbers could so easily lead to a decline in standards. Third, expansion in the developing world often draws upon the resources, ideas and expertise of the developed world, even though these may not always be appropriate for every different economic and social system (North, 1997). Higher education plays a vital role in the development of a society. For centuries, tertiary institutions had the important role of educating our future political leaders, professionals of tomorrow, businessmen, religious and social philosophers, who serve the community, enrich its values and develop its resources. Universities are complex organisations with multiple missions and a myriad of roles. A university has the roles of providing of theoretical education and professional training, a developer and a disseminator of new knowledge, a catalyst to shape the practice of management and business and a contributor to the community and the national economy (Khurshid, 1998). 2.5 The Education system in Mauritius Mauritius educational system has for root the British one, as the island was a British colony long ago. After independence in 1968, the new government invested considerably in human and material resources for the education sector and progress has been noticed and reached in terms of a per capita grant to children of 3+ and 4+, primary education was free, as well as textbooks, compulsory secondary education up to 16. Higher education courses were offered at University of Mauritius and the University of Technology for affordable fees. Since 1977, secondary education has been free. As for full time undergraduate level at the University of Mauritius, it was free since 1988. Free education is funded by the State which strain huge budgets and subsidize a big part of the grant aided secondary schools expenses. With universal primary education being achieved in the 1970s, free education in 1977, and legislation making education up to 16 years of age compulsory, the challenges policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ makers have had to face have related to broadening access at the higher education level, improving quality, and strengthening the management of the sector (while ensuring equity). The financing of higher education is basically via the government and students/parents. Students enrolled in public higher educational institutions are funded to a very large extent by the government. Students enrolled in local private higher education institutions and those in overseas institutions pay the full cost of their education. The key factors influencing the quality of higher education are the quality of faculty, curriculum standards, technological infrastructure available, research environment, accreditation regime and the administrative policies and procedures implemented in institutions of higher learning. The overall vision of government was spelt out in the New Economic Agenda formulated in 2000. The main challenge was to move gradually away from traditional sectors to the services sector. The objective was to diversify manufacturing into higher valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ added markets and to consolidate services (financial, ICT, etc.) as a fourth pillar of economic development. To attract new investment and to maintain the countrys competitiveness, a highly productive skilled workforce was seen as imperative. With a view to setting Mauritius on a higher growth path, the country has recognised the importance of developing higher education as a regional hub for high quality education and training, to ensure that the knowledge industry acts as a catalyst in broadening the Mauritian economy, and in providing the necessary support to the existing and upcoming sectors. There has been a dramatic paradigm shift in the development strategy mooted by the government. In summary, it has been accepted by government that the education system, especially higher education, needs to be reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ orientated to respond more effectively. Higher education in Mauritius can be traced back to the establishment of the School of Agriculture within the Department of Agriculture in 1914, which became integrated into the UoM when it was established in 1965. However, it was only in postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ independent Mauritius that several public higher education institutions were created, which were complementary to UoM. Over the years the higher education sector has become increasingly diversified. 2.5.1 Pre-Primary Sector This sector caters for children 4+ and since a few years for 3+. The State provides a grant of R 200 per child. The private institutions occupy 80% of the educational provision in the sector. The following measures are part of policy developments to consolidate the sector: Strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework for the provision of Early Childhood Care and Education. Reduction of disparity among pre-schools. Addressing the problem of out-of-schools pre-primary children due to absolute poverty. Developing a National Curriculum Framework for the pre-primary subsector. Ensuring readiness of all pre-primary school children for primary school. Construction of pre-primary units in disadvantaged areas Strengthening partnerships with parents through a Parent Empowerment Program. 2.5.2 Primary sector The enrolment in primary school takes effect at the age of five and enters the Standard I and moves gradually up to Standard VI. The CPE is an examination carried out at national level in all schools and follows a grading system. There are five compulsory subjects: English, French, Mathematics, Science and History and Geography. The grading process works on the five best grades along with Asian/Arabic languages. Several initiatives have been implemented in primary institutions to improve the CPE results. This gave rise to the Zones d Education Prioritaires (Z.E.P.). This targets those schools with low performance over 5 consecutive years. Later on in 2011, Enhancement Programme was introduced for STD III and IV. Moreover, the Sankorà © project was one where STD IV classes were equipped with interactive wall fixed projectors. 2.5.3 Secondary sector For a child to be admitted to a secondary college, it all depends on the CPE results. There are three categories of secondary schools: State owned grant-aided private schools, and fully private fee-paying schools. The secondary school experience begins with Form 1 up to Form VI, an achievement of seven years. Since 2010, a national curriculum has been set up for Forms I-III. The curriculum encloses all subjects up to Form III including English, French, Mathematics and the Social and Hard Sciences. When reaching Form IV, students are offered option form where they have to choose at least six major subjects for O-level exams in Form V. Later, for A Level examination, students will have to specialize in 3 main subjects and 2 subsidiary subjects. These two important examinations are undertaken by the University of Cambridge through the University of Cambridge International Examinations which sets up the syllabus, prepares the examination papers and undertakes correction for most subjects. 2.5.4 TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) The Mauritius Institute of Training and Development (MITD) is the main provider of the TVET program. Its purpose is to offer a variety of technical programs to students willing to meet the needs of the world of work at a middle professional level. Courses at the National Diploma are also provided at the MITD. The TVET sector is monitored and regulated by the Mauritius Qualifications Authority. 2.5.5 Tertiary sector It was in 1924 that tertiary education started with the College of Agriculture. It has developed and diversified; it now composes of public, private, regional and overseas institutions offering for a wide choice of courses and programmes. Through years, this education sector has given rise to other institutions with different characteristics and disciplines. Distance education has also been part of the sector. Some important institutions of the public sector are the University of Mauritius (UoM), the University of Technology (UTM), the Mauritius Institute of Education (MIE), the Mahatma Gandhi Institute (MGI), the Mauritius Institute of Training and Development (MITD) and the Open University of Mauritius (OUM). Besides all these, the Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) is responsible for the allocation of public funds, planning, and coordination of post-secondary education and training as well. In addition, private institutions are more and more present in the tertiary education sector where they are proposing courses in areas like Information Technology, Law, Accountancy and Finance, and Management. 2.6 The University of Mauritius The University of Mauritius (UOM) is a national University of Mauritius. It is the oldest and largest Mauritian university in terms of student enrollment and curriculum offered. It is situated at Rà ©duit, Moka. The University was inaugurated on 24th March 1972 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II accompanied by His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. Over the past decades, in response to the contemporaneous and emergent needs of the various sectors of the Mauritian economy, the university now has progressed from being a mostly in-service training institution to a fully-fledged university, concentrating increasingly on bachelors degrees, postgraduate programmes, research and consultancy. The universitys current strategic plan, Strategic Directions 2006-2015, has the following six strategic directions: Knowledge creation Knowledge diffusion Investing in resources Quality culture and good governance National, regional and international collaborations Community outreach The University of Mauritius has committed itself to continuous improvement and quality management. These are the actions that the university is trying to cater for: Ensuring relevance interact proactively with the world of work and the community to cater for emergent requirements while inculcating a wider sense of belonging to the university. Ensuring quality of teaching and learning enhance existing provisions for continuous improvement in the quality of teaching and learning, and work progressively towards the implementation of best practice. Strengthen research develop further the universitys research capacity and research management plan. Internationalize the university improve the international standing of the university and expand its role and programme of activities. Amongst Mauritian universities the UoM stands out both in terms of its dominance with regard to enrolment and it numerous pockets of excellence with regard to research. The UoM is the largest supplier of tertiary education locally, accounting for 22.2% of total higher education enrolment. Faculties Originally, the university had three schools, namely Agriculture, Administration and Industrial Technology. It has since expanded to comprise five faculties, namely Faculty Of Agriculture, Faculty Of Engineering, Faculty Of Law and Management, Faculty Of Science, and Faculty Of Social Studies Humanities. The faculties are involved in teaching, research and consultancy. It has also a Centre for Medical Research and Studies, a Centre for Distance Education, a Centre for Information Technology and Systems, and a Consultancy Centre. Following these on-campus developments and expansions, it resulted in a simultaneous increase in the number and in the diversity of programmes being offered, and the number of students enrolled. The programmes of the University are internationally recognized and include quality assurance mechanisms such as the external examiner system and affiliated with renowned Universities worldwide. There is a Quality Assurance Office which helps the University in maintaining and improving the quality of all its activities. There are various exchange agreements that have been established between the UOM and overseas universities. Students Union The Students Union, established in 1971, is run by and for the students. It work in the interest of students and regularly organize various activities. All students are members, the membership fee being included in the registration. Students are very dynamic in organizing extracurricular activities supported by the Public Relations Office. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Problem Statement and Research Objectives When the problem has been clearly defined and the objectives of the research precisely stated the research can be designed properly. As it is often said, a problem well defined is a solved one. The problem statement for this study is that there is each year a high level of demand for a seat at University of Mauritius though there are other tertiary institutions in Mauritius. This study tries to find out the reasons behind this high demand. For this dissertation the research objectives are: To analyze the quality of services offered by the University of Mauritius. To investigate the quality of students of the University of Mauritius. To understand the level of increasing demands for courses at the University of Mauritius. To achieve the objectives mentioned above, a questionnaire has been administered to the different students in the form of face to face interview to collect information about the different factors affecting their learning experience at the University of Mauritius and hence facilitating the analysis of the information gathered. 3.2 Determine Research Design Research design can be considered as the basic plan which guides the data collection and analysis phases of the research project. There are three main types of research used in projects: Descriptive research Causal research Exploratory research Exploratory research is unstructured, informal research undertaken to have background information when the researcher does not know much about the problem. On the other hand in the descriptive method, research problem is well defined and structured and can be used to answer questions such as who, why, where, what and how (Burns and Bush, 2003), whereas causal research examines the effect of one variable on another one. The research undertaken in this study is descriptive in nature. The purpose of the research is to investigate, analyse and evaluate the student learning experience at the University of Mauritius. Data sources and Data Collection Primary data The only steps involved in collecting data is to look for primary data which consists of information collected for the first time to meet the specific needs of the investigation of the researcher. These can be in the form of letters, e-mails and interviews. Primary sources are more supportive, they address directly the requirements of the researcher though it might be costly.

A Motherly Role-the Joy Luck C :: essays research papers

A Motherly Role   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A reoccurring theme in Amy Tan’s novels is mother-daughter relationships. In each of her three novels she represents different roles of the mother and the effects of each; The Joy Luck Club depicts mothers living through daughters, The Kitchen God’s Wife portrays mother teaching daughter through past experience, and finally The Hundred Secret Senses displays non-existence of the mother in the relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This excerpt from The Joy Luck Club shows what kinds of things, from real accomplishments to the uncontrollable features of nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Auntie Lin and my mother were both best friends and arch-enemies who spent a lifetime   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  comparing their children. I was one month older than Waverly Jong, Auntie Lin’s prized   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  daughter. From the time we were babies, our mothers compared the creases in our belly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buttons, how shapely our earlobes were, how fast we healed after we scraped our knees,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  how thick and dark our hair was, how many shoes we wore out in one year, and later,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  how smart Waverly was at playing chess, how many trophies she had won last month,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  how many cites she had visited† (27).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jing-Mei, the piano player in The Joy Luck Club, felt the most pressure from her mother, because her mother had to follow behind the word of the prodigy in town. ‘â€Å"Of course you can be a prodigy, too ’† Jing-Mei’s mother, Suyuan, tells her after receiving the news of Waverly, the chess prodigy (141). The expectations for Jing-Mei have heighten now that her mother’s friend’s daughter has been held in such a spotlight, as to be called a prodigy. Suyuan takes it upon herself to make her daughter rise above the accomplishments of her peers, and prove to the mothers their family is high in the running competition, whether Jing-Mei approves or disapproves. Suyuan decides that with piano lessons she and her daughter will rise above Lindo and Waverly. Jing-Mei only sees tedious lessons and hours of practice, but her mother envisions proudly sharing success stories between friends, comparing and convincing other mothers that he r daughter, Jing-Mei, was indeed the best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every detail and aspect of their lives were picked out an compared and for the one daughter that lost these comparisons, a lowered self-image was the result. Jing-Mei never believed in herself, because she felt, since her childhood, she had failed her mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the years that followed, I failed her so many times, each time asserting my own will,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  my right to fall short of expectations.

Increased Competition and Pricepressures in Supply Chain

CD5590 Professional Ethics in Science and Engineering Presentation: Ethics in Supply Chain Management (SCM) Abedullah Zaman Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Definition: The network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities and suppliers that participate in the sale, delivery and production of a particular product. In the simplest terms, Supply Chain Management (SCM) lets an organization get the right goods and services to the place they're needed at the right time, in the proper quantity and at an acceptable cost.Efficiently managing this process involves overseeing relationships with suppliers and customers, controlling inventory, forecasting demand and getting constant feedback on what's happening at every link in the chain. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Roots of Ethics Professional ethics is about managing relations which is a crucial part in SCM. Successful companies use supply chains not only to reduce cos t and complement the product but also to nurture long-term valuedadded relationships.Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Why society is concerned about ethics within SCM? Environmental Effects Treatment plants for water, treatment of solid waste, gases Health and Safety In Food Industry- uses of pesticides, hormone-treatment of animals Consumer Rights Legislations about right to safety, right to choose, right to be heard. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Ethical Model/Process Economic responsibilities: Supply Products and Services. Legal Responsibilities: Ethical Responsibilities: Obey Laws.Conduct business in a way that is morally consistent with the beliefs of society Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Reasons for Increasing Concern about Ethics in Supply Chains The pressure is coming from various sources. A wide range of stakeholders are interested in the social, ethical and environmental performance of the retail industry’s supply chai n. General Public Growing people's awareness of these issues and increasing expectations of companies' responsibilities.Investors and rating agencies It is also coming from investors as socially responsible investment becomes more mainstream. Managing supply chain issues is seen as one indicator of how well a company is run. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Media The media are also becoming more interested in stories about malpractice, as are campaigning groups as they target new sectors and become more skilled at harnessing public opinion. Consumers More educated and discerning consumers.Government and NGOs Public exposure of poor labour standards in some factories and other establishments, often located in developing countries, can inadvertently undermine progress on establishing ethical trade and good labour practices. Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Examples Marks & Spencer Ethical concerns about child labour, prison labour, discrimination and terms and condition of work environment. M&S Ethical Global Sourcing Strategy: Global Sourcing Principles Partnership with Suppliers Social Audit and Verification Continual Improvements and SanctionsProfessional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Nike Labour involved in production of footballs. Code of Conduct- Improve working conditions in factories. Forced labor, Child Labor, Compensation, Benefits, Hours of work, Safety and health, Documentations and inspection. Reebok Sourcing Procedure- Supplier list based on â€Å"Fair Factories Clearing House† evaluation. Zero Tolerance Strategy GAP Apparel Outsourcing- Social Responsibility Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Addressing Ethical Issues in Supply ChainRole of Certifications Example: World Responsible Apparel Production (WRAP) WRAP is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to the certification of lawful, humane and ethical manufacturing throughout the world. Other Regulations International Labour Organisat ion (ILO) Conventions United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Recent issues with SCM Research Trust in Supply Chains Ethical Supply Chain Ethical supply chain should communicate ethical behaviours and fair treatment to all its stake holders. Supply chains must satisfy societal expectationsProfessional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Discussions Child work can be seen as important in developing responsibility and independence as well as contributing to household economy. Should the societies be let isolated by not giving orders to already poor communities? Engagement or Disengagement strategy? Professional Ethics in Supply Chain Management Five Myths about Business Ethics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ethics is personal Business and ethics don? t mix Business ethics is relative Good business means good ethics Information is neutral and amoral

Importance of Sales Promotion Essay

Sales promotion is one of the seven aspects of the promotional mix, which are advertising personal selling, direct marketing publicity/ public relations, corporate image and exhibitions. Sales promotions are short-term incentives that are done to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service [P.DALOK 200]. Sales promotion can be used to inform, persuade, and remind target customers about the business and its market mix. Some common types of sale promotion include: Samples, Coupons, Sweepstakes, Contest, In-store display, Tradeshows, Price off deals, Premium and rebates. There are many reasons why companies opt for sales promotions other than advertising. Some of the reasons include increasing competition and products becoming more standardized, build brand awareness, create interest, provide information, stimulate demand and also reinforce the brand. In this essay I have briefly described sales promotion, and comprehensively discussed the reasons for sales promotion. Definit ion of sales promotion Sales promotions are short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service. C. Mitchell 1999 defines sales promotion as a process of persuading a potential customer to buy the product And it includes several communications activities that attempt to provide added value or incentives to consumers, wholesalers, retailers, or other organizational customers to stimulate immediate sales. These efforts can attempt to stimulate product interest, trial, or purchase. Below are reasons for sales promotion. Reasons for sales promotion 1. Increasing Competition The air of change is gaining momentum after the introduction of economic liberalization. Due to increase in competition, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete on quality. They are therefore resorting to more innovative methods of sales promotion (Du Toit and Erasmes 2008:347). 2. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive This increased price sensitivity is a direct result of existing inflation. Economic recession is likely to fuel this trend further, as consumers and dealers become more sensitive towards prices. If the customers get branded jeans at half the actual price, then they are definitely going to make huge purchases of Spykar Jeans because they want value for their money, as they are price sensitive. 3. Sales Promotions Generally Create an Immediate Positive Impact on Sales Advertising, personal selling and other methods of promotion produce slower sales response compared to sales promotion. Sales promotions are mostly for short duration, for a specified period, leading to a sense of urgency in consumers to buy now. This creates an immediate positive impact on sales. 4. Products have become more standardized In many product categories, there is a proliferation of brands; many of them are line extensions and me-too brands. Most brands are being perceived by consumers to be more or less similar within a given price range because of the inability of manufacturers to develop truly differentiated products. Under these circumstances, advertising messages are unable to strongly influence the consumers’ perceptions and create brand franchise. As a result of these perceptions of similarity among brands, marketers have no way but to compete on the basis of extra benefit offered through sales promotion. Competing companies struggle to capture market share by using every tool likely to bring sales success. There are many unbranded jeans sold at shopping malls and places like Mr Price, bandra which are bought at half the price of actual branded jeans. People who are money conscious buy such jeans. Therefore, Spykar Jeans comes up with such discounts, which helps them in increasing their sales and also in stock clearance. 5. Consumer Acceptance As competition intensifies and promotions proliferate, consumers have learnt to earn the rewards of being smart shoppers. Over a period of time, they have also learnt that brands on promotion are not necessarily of lower quality. 6. Advertising Has Become More Expensive And Less Effective All the advertising media have become quite expensive. Audio-visual medium, which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads, may cost in excess of K5000 for a 10 second exposure during prime time (Kambwir 2013). In many cases, consumers have reached a point of boredom due to excessive advertising on TV. Some consumers even consider advertising as an intrusion into their privacy, leading to zapping (surfing channels). Firms with small budgets cannot compete with big companies, which spend huge sums of money on advertising. For these small budget firms, sales promotion is a more cost-effective promotion method to produce sales results. 7.Trade Has Become More Powerful Retailers and wholesalers have become powerful and find themselves in a position to demand extra facilities from the companies. They Channel members demand more incentives to get the desired results. Manufacturers do not seem to have any alternatives but to concede to their demands, keeping in view the competitive market conditions. In shopping malls like Globus and Lifestyle, decent margins have to be paid to them in order to have shelf visibility for your brand. 8. Emphasis On Sales Volumes Towards achieving the long-term profit goals, manufacturers try to attain high sales volume. Brand managers and product managers find themselves under pressure to achieve short-term sales results for the sake of their careers. Compared to any other promotional method, sales promotion is a more effective method to generate short-term sales volume. 9. Sales Promotions Maximise Profits A number of economic theories conclude that a company can maximise profits by using sales promotion. Such promotions can permit price discrimination by allowing the brand to compete in 2 or more different market segments. Sales promotion may allow a premium brand to compete with a lower tier brand among price sensitive consumers. For example, a premium brand of toilet soap may be on promotion in some price sensitive markets, while in the remaining markets it is sold at its normal price. 10. Introducing An Element Of Interest: There are a number of promotions, which are often called interest promotions. Some of the more popular interest promotion techniques are samples, contests, and sweepstakes, free premiums and mail-in premiums. These promotions create an element of interest and excitement, and consumers enjoy these and response enthusiastically to such contests and sweepstakes, etc. 11. Build Brand awareness No company can survey without building awareness for itself and its brands. Companies may use all forms of advertising be it on Television, radio, direct marketing and on line to build awareness. The specific promotional objective may be to gain additional market share or to make a roads into a specific market segment. Another objective may be to replace the market leader in top-of-mind. 12. Sales Promotion Specialists Are Available As a result of economic liberalization, the number of management institutions has increased. This has lead to the availability of specialists, who are not only well paid but can handle this specialized work more efficiently in the current market conditions, where sales promotion has become more important. 13. Excess Stocks Because of increasing number of brands, it is difficult for manufacturers and dealers to anticipate future sales. This, at times, leads to excessive inventories, and the quickest way to clear that is to go for sales promotion.

‘Night of the scorpion’ (page 9) Essay

Question: compare the ways people are presented in the ‘Night of the scorpion’ (page 9) with the ways people are presented in one other poem of your choice from the poems form different cultures, * Who the people are * What you find out about the people * Similarities between the methods the poet use to present the people * Differences between the methods the poets use to present the people * What you think about the people and how they are presented. People are at the central of some poems as some of the poets are interested with the society and the attitudes towards the people on how they treat each other. On the other hand, sometimes people live completely different lifestyles from one and another. Others are interested in the people who are on their own and get on things individually. As you can see, that in the anthology of the poems from different cultures, people are presented in many different ways. The local people in ‘Night of the scorpion’ believe in reincarnation as its set in a Hindu community. Though the child is scared and confused by the religious response due to his mother’s sting from the scorpion. In contrast ‘Island man’ describes how an immigrant in London reacts to his environment as he dreams of his Caribbean home. ‘Night of the scorpion’ uses structure to show the sense of panic in the villagers’ reactions. Its two stanzas long the first stanza with 45 lines and the second stanza with only 3 lines. The final three lines are separated from the rest of the poem as it’s about the mother’s calm unselfish reaction. It’s separate because it’s a clear contrast to the panic in the first stanza of the poem. ‘Island man’ uses structure to show the confused thoughts of the awaked man. There is no punctuation the line lengths vary and some phrases are misplaced, just like this individual line is, ‘He always comes back groggily groggily’. The poetic devises used in he poems differ to show the different ways people are presented. ‘Night of the scorpion’ is written in the first person, which is from the Childs point of view, but he’s an outsider throughout the poem and he can’t affect anything. There is a simile used as well, ‘the peasants came like swarms of flies and buzzed the name of God hundred times’. The simile makes the villagers seem really panicked. Also there is the use of repetition of the word ‘may’ as it makes it sound like a prayer, but when having the same word at start of so many lines makes this reaction seem repetitive and unthinking. ‘They said’ is also repeated at the end of many lines. In contrast, the poetic devises used in ‘Island man’ are limited. As it shows the confusion of that the character is going through. The reader gets a series of contrasting images for example ‘the sound of the blue surf’ of the Caribbean, which conflicts, with the ‘Grey metallic soar’ of London. The word ‘wombing’ suggests the sense the dream has on his ’emerald island’. Both poets show how the people feel in their different situations and give us their own view. The poet in ‘Night of the scorpion’ is frightened by what is happening but admits his mums courage. Though Ezekiel seems critical of religion, the ceremonial language and all that talk of the next life seems unhelpful and premature. The feelings revealed in ‘Island man’ obviously has fond memories of the Caribbean but represent his dull London. We can feel his depression as he ‘heaves himself’ to ‘Another London day’. Grace Nicholas has sympathy for this man as he feels the conflict of these two cultures. Finally, ‘Night of the scorpion’ has made me feel that believing in god could always be a solution to the problem also it has made me aware of the people around me who can help me in such difficulties I am struggling with. Though ‘Island man’ has made me aware of how it might feel to be trapped in a foreign country, which you are not too familiar with. Both poems have made me hope that in the future, if I am in trouble or I am home sick then I can count on the society who will always be there to support me.

Lateral Structures in Business Organizations and Which Traits They Research Paper

Lateral Structures in Business Organizations and Which Traits They Encourage - Research Paper Example The main purpose of the research is to present that organizations have increasingly begun to prefer the utilization of lateral relationships as legitimate avenues of information as a new generation of organizational forms has emerged. In this piece, what will be explained are a number of different lateral structural arrangements which are in use in organizations today, including but not limited to the following: role differentiation and role ‘incongruency’; the concept of coherence; and functionality. Role differentiation is important in lateral business structures. According to Tjosvold, â€Å"It is a myth that all team members must be cross-trained†. In contrast, rather, it tends to be the case that—in lateral organizational business structures—the employees find that their own roles are created specifically so that they can work independently. However, this is not at the risk of teams working hierarchically, but side-by-side. The way that role dif ferentiation differs in lateral business organizations versus hierarchical business organizations is that, in lateral ones, roles are distinctly defined. In hierarchical organizations, roles can be blurred, employees multi-task, and departments are formed which work on top of each other—the most powerful being at the top, with the least economically powerful at the bottom although their production is high. Obviously, one of the important issues that lateral business structures bring to the forefront is that there is incongruency in these structures. According to Robinson-Crowley, â€Å"A current trend in management research and practice is to design organizations to be congruent with the demands of the†¦information-processing capacity: investing in information systems and creating boundary-spanning roles† (pp. 84). Of course, this tome about boundary-spanning roles was written 14 years ago. Now, into the second decade of the 21st century in the United States, we a re definitely at the point where different styles of management have come into the fray. Good management will ultimately be able to deal with these hierarchical changes that are different from what we were used to almost a decade-and-a-half ago. According to Poole, â€Å"Top managers are highly visible and provide a vision for the future that employees can share†. Role differentiation and role incongruency are two issues, obviously, that comes from having a laterally-structured business organization. Role differentiation in laterally-organized businesses makes it easier for people to connect and not to feel as much like outsiders. Despite what many might think, role differentiation is well-known across hundreds of nations all over the world. Role differentiation has been around for several centuries and has a very important meaning in the lives of many. It would be safe to assume that role differentiation is going to be around for a long time and have an enormous impact on th e lives of many people. Role differentiation has a large role in American culture. Many people can often be seen taking part in activities associated with role differentiation. This is partly because people of most ages can be involved and families are brought together by this. Generally, a person who displays their dislike for role differentiation may be considered an outcast. This is why role differentiation is somewhat controversial to be considered as part of the lateral structure within a business organization. It is not common practice to associate economical factors with role differentiation. Generally, role differentiation would be thought to have no effect on our economic situation, but there are in fact some effects. Primarily, however, it would be safe to say that role differentiation plays an important role in the American economy and shouldn't be taken for granted. After having completed much research, it has been possible to conclude that